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Building an Event-Driven Architecture with AWS

Overview

In this lab, you’ll build a sophisticated event-driven architecture on AWS using SNS, SQS, and Lambda, and extend it with S3 triggers, API Gateway endpoints, and CloudWatch monitoring. You’ll design message patterns, configure dead-letter queues (DLQs), handle FIFO ordering, implement batch processing, and set up monitoring and cost optimization strategies. You’ll also explore operational procedures and build a basic testing framework for validation.

This lab guides you through the steps of architecting, implementing, and optimizing an asynchronous event-driven workflow that is scalable, fault-tolerant, and observable.

Architecture Goals

  • Build an architecture with decoupled producers and consumers
  • Enable message routing via SNS topics and SQS subscriptions
  • Use standard queues and FIFO queues for appropriate message guarantees
  • Configure dead-letter queues for error handling
  • Apply batch processing for performance and cost efficiency
  • Trigger workflows from S3 uploads and API Gateway POST calls
  • Design monitoring dashboards and alerts using CloudWatch
  • Implement cost-optimization techniques using AWS-native tools
  • Document operational runbooks and test cases

This workshop assumes you already have basic familiarity with AWS services like IAM, Lambda, and S3. You’ll also benefit from knowledge of JSON message formats, retry policies, and async patterns.


Amazon SNS (Simple Notification Service)

SNS is a managed pub/sub messaging service that enables message fan-out to multiple subscribers. It helps route messages to multiple destinations like Lambda, SQS, and HTTP endpoints.

Amazon SQS (Simple Queue Service)

SQS is a fully managed message queuing service that enables decoupling of microservices. It supports standard queues (at-least-once delivery, best-effort ordering) and FIFO queues (exactly-once processing, strict ordering).

AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs your backend code in response to triggers such as SQS messages, S3 events, and API Gateway HTTP calls. It scales automatically and supports concurrency settings and DLQ handling for robust message processing.

Amazon S3

Amazon S3 is a storage service for objects like JSON files, images, and logs. You can trigger Lambda functions when a new file is uploaded to an S3 bucket, making it ideal for ingesting event data like user submissions or batch inputs.

Amazon API Gateway

API Gateway allows you to expose HTTPS endpoints to trigger AWS services. It integrates directly with Lambda to receive incoming requests (e.g., a quiz submission), which can then be routed via SNS or processed directly.

Amazon CloudWatch

CloudWatch is the monitoring, logging, and alerting backbone of AWS. You’ll use it to:

  • View Lambda execution logs
  • Monitor error rates and latency for SQS, Lambda, and API Gateway
  • Set alarms and create dashboards for visibility
  • Query logs using CloudWatch Logs Insights

DLQ (Dead Letter Queue)

A DLQ is a standard SQS queue used to capture failed messages after exceeding retry attempts. DLQs are critical for troubleshooting failures and maintaining resilience.

Monitoring and Cost Optimization

We’ll use CloudWatch Metrics, Logs, and Alarms to track system behavior. You’ll also use AWS Cost Explorer, CloudWatch Logs Insights, and Lambda cost calculators to optimize expenses.


Main Content

  1. Setting up S3 and CRUD API
  2. Processing S3 Uploads via SQS-Triggered Lambda
  3. Routing Messages with SNS Topics and SQS Subscriptions
  4. Handling Failures Using Dead Letter Queues (DLQ)
  5. Ensuring Message Order with FIFO Queues
  6. Enabling Batch Processing in Lambda with SQS
  7. Setting up Monitoring and Logging with CloudWatch
  8. Optimizing for Cost and Performance in Event Flows
  9. Documenting Operational Procedures and Recovery Steps
  10. Building a Testing Framework for Event-Driven Workflows